Ağ – Ferhat Çiçek

nokia routerda vpls servis altındaki sapların silinmesi

nokia routerda belirli bir servis altındaki sapları silme ihtiyacı durumunda aşagıdaki kod kulllanılabilir.

import pandas as pd
from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader

# Excel dosyasını oku
df = pd.read_excel('sap_delete.xlsx')

# Jinja2 ortamını ayarla (şablon dosyası ile aynı dizinde çalıştığını varsayıyoruz)
env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader('.'))
template = env.get_template('sap_delete_template.j2')

# Excel'den okunan veriyi listeye çevir
data = df.to_dict(orient='records')

# Jinja2 ile konfigürasyon dosyasını oluştur
output = template.render(items=data)

# Sonucu dosyaya yaz
with open('sap_delete_config.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write(output)

üretilecek komut için aşagıdaki jinja template ini kullanyoruz..

{% for item in items %}
/configure service vpls {{ item.SvcId }} sap {{ item.PortId }} shutdown
/configure service vpls {{ item.SvcId }} no sap {{ item.PortId }} 
{% endfor %}

sap_delete_config.txt dosyasında tempalte sonucuna uygun konfigürasyon oluşmuş olacaktır..

kullanacağımız excel ise show service sap-using komutunun çıktısına uygun olarak aşagıdaki formatta olmaldıır..

PortId	SvcId	Ingress	Ing.	Egress	Egr.	Adm	Opr
lag-40:1011.0	1234	54	none	45	none	Up	Down
lag-42:1011.0	1234	54	none	45	none	Up	Down
lag-44:1011.0	1234	54	none	45	none	Up	Down

Gerekli kodları aşagdaıki github adresinden ulaşılabilir.

https://github.com/ferhatcicek/nokia-service-sap-delete

nokia olt ve ont reboot

nokia marka olt yi reboot etmek için

admin equipment reboot-isam without-self-test

ont yi reboot etmek için ise

admin equipment ont interface 1/1/1/1/1 reboot with-active-image

komutlarını kullanabiliriz. ont reboot sırasında interface i doğru girmemiz gerekmektedir.

nokia olt de nt portunun sinyal seviyelerini kontrol etmek

isadmin>#  show equipment diagnostics sfp nt-b:xfp:2 detail 
================================================================================
sfp table (detailed)
================================================================================

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sfp
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              position : nt-b:xfp:2                                            
     diag-avail-status : no-error                                              
                   los : no-los                                                
              tx-fault : no-tx-fault   
              tx-power : "-2.86 dBm"                                           
              rx-power : "-17.72 dBm"                                          
       tx-bias-current : "33.18 mA"                                            
        supply-voltage : "3.32 VDC"                                            
           temperature : "36.70 degrees Celsius"                               
       temperature-tca : normal-value                                          
           voltage-tca : normal-value                                          
      bias-current-tca : normal-value                                          
          tx-power-tca : normal-value                                          
          rx-power-tca : low-alarm-th                                          
       rssi-profile-id : 65535                      rssi-state : enable         
================================================================================

huawei routerların arayüzlerinde trafik ve mib değerlerini sıfırlamak

bir arayüz üzerinden hata geliyor ve yapılan müdehaleler sonrasında sorunun devam edip etmediğini görmek istiyorsak interface sayaç değerlerini sıfırlamak işleri kolaylaştıracaktır. aşagıdaki örnek arayüzde CRC errorları dikkat çekmektedir…

[~router]display interface 50|100GE 5/1/0
50|100GE5/1/0 current state : UP (ifindex: 212)
Line protocol current state : UP 
Link quality grade : GOOD
Description: interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 9212 
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 6dc4-6dc4-6dc4
Factor/Module: QSFP28, Standard: 100GBASE-LR4, FecMode: Disable
The Vendor PN is RTXM290-806
The Vendor Name is WTD
Port BW: 100G, Transceiver max BW: 100G, Transceiver Mode: SingleMode
Connector Type: LC, Transmission Distance: 10km
WaveLength: 1295.56nm 1300.05nm 1304.58nm 1309.14nm
Rx Warning range: [-10.599,  4.500]dBm, Tx Warning range: [-4.300,  4.500]dBm
Rx0 Power:  -7.40dBm, Tx0 Power:   1.57dBm
Rx1 Power:  -6.83dBm, Tx1 Power:   2.04dBm
Rx2 Power:  -6.83dBm, Tx2 Power:   1.99dBm
Rx3 Power:  -6.74dBm, Tx3 Power:   2.02dBm
Loopback: none, LAN full-duplex mode, Pause Flowcontrol: Receive Enable and Send Enable
Port Speed Switch Mode: manual
Last physical up time   : 2026-02-24 11:51:30+03:00
Last physical down time : 2026-02-24 11:49:07+03:00
Current system time: 2026-02-24 13:19:54+03:00
Statistics last cleared:2024-12-16 07:53:02+03:00
    Last 300 seconds input rate: 1477811763 bits/sec, 280550 packets/sec
    Last 300 seconds output rate: 1527603379 bits/sec, 232249 packets/sec
    Input peak rate 1477811763 bits/sec, Record time: 2026-02-24 13:19:54+03:00
    Output peak rate 1527634378 bits/sec, Record time: 2026-02-24 13:19:54+03:00
    Input: 3342830018023050 bytes, 5756490768291 packets
    Output: 6834371174146959 bytes, 8252820686074 packets
    Input:
      Unicast: 5756432761945 packets, Multicast: 58006026 packets
      Broadcast: 320 packets, JumboOctets: 405942739572 packets
      CRC: 771506832 packets, Symbol: 80511712 packets
      Overrun: 0 packets, InRangeLength: 0 packets
      LongPacket: 0 packets, Jabber: 0 packets, Alignment: 0 packets
      Fragment: 0 packets, Undersized Frame: 0 packets
      RxPause: 0 packets
    Output:
      Unicast: 8252768032451 packets, Multicast: 52653468 packets
      Broadcast: 155 packets, JumboOctets: 1274128818374 packets
      Lost: 0 packets, Overflow: 0 packets, Underrun: 0 packets
      System: 0 packets, Overruns: 0 packets
      TxPause: 0 packets
    Local fault: normal, Remote fault: normal.
    Last 300 seconds input utility rate:  1.47%
    Last 300 seconds output utility rate: 1.52%

şimdi bu verileri temizleyelim.. öncelikle konfig moddan çıkılması gerekmektedir. sonrasında reset counter komut ile ilgili arayüze ait veriler sıfırlanabilir.

[~router]quit
<router>reset counters interface 50|100GE 5/1/0
Info: This operation resets the counters in the display interface command output on this interface.
Info: Reset successfully.
<router>

şimdi kontol edelim

<router>display interface 50|100GE 5/1/0
50|100GE5/1/0 current state : UP (ifindex: 212)
Line protocol current state : UP 
Link quality grade : GOOD
Description: interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 9212 
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 6dc4-6dc4-6dc4
Factor/Module: QSFP28, Standard: 100GBASE-LR4, FecMode: Disable
The Vendor PN is RTXM290-806
The Vendor Name is WTD
Port BW: 100G, Transceiver max BW: 100G, Transceiver Mode: SingleMode
Connector Type: LC, Transmission Distance: 10km
WaveLength: 1295.56nm 1300.05nm 1304.58nm 1309.14nm
Rx Warning range: [-10.599,  4.500]dBm, Tx Warning range: [-4.300,  4.500]dBm
Rx0 Power:  -7.40dBm, Tx0 Power:   1.58dBm
Rx1 Power:  -6.83dBm, Tx1 Power:   2.05dBm
Rx2 Power:  -6.83dBm, Tx2 Power:   1.97dBm
Rx3 Power:  -6.71dBm, Tx3 Power:   2.05dBm
Loopback: none, LAN full-duplex mode, Pause Flowcontrol: Receive Enable and Send Enable
Port Speed Switch Mode: manual
Last physical up time   : 2026-02-24 11:51:30+03:00
Last physical down time : 2026-02-24 11:49:07+03:00
Current system time: 2026-02-24 13:28:10+03:00
Statistics last cleared:2026-02-24 13:28:01+03:00
    Last 300 seconds input rate: 1407061768 bits/sec, 273766 packets/sec
    Last 300 seconds output rate: 1454198771 bits/sec, 222001 packets/sec
    Input peak rate 1407061768 bits/sec, Record time: 2026-02-24 13:28:10+03:00
    Output peak rate 1454872520 bits/sec, Record time: 2026-02-24 13:28:10+03:00
    Input: 1684316592 bytes, 2702946 packets
    Output: 1743681595 bytes, 2184529 packets
    Input:
      Unicast: 2702931 packets, Multicast: 15 packets
      Broadcast: 0 packets, JumboOctets: 99374 packets
      CRC: 0 packets, Symbol: 0 packets
      Overrun: 0 packets, InRangeLength: 0 packets
      LongPacket: 0 packets, Jabber: 0 packets, Alignment: 0 packets
      Fragment: 0 packets, Undersized Frame: 0 packets
      RxPause: 0 packets
    Output:
      Unicast: 2184515 packets, Multicast: 14 packets
      Broadcast: 0 packets, JumboOctets: 212072 packets
      Lost: 0 packets, Overflow: 0 packets, Underrun: 0 packets
      System: 0 packets, Overruns: 0 packets
      TxPause: 0 packets
    Local fault: normal, Remote fault: normal.
    Last 300 seconds input utility rate:  1.40%
    Last 300 seconds output utility rate: 1.45%

zte routerlarda aktif alarmları izleme

alarmları izlemek için kullanılacak en temel komut “show router current”

router_zte_test(config)#show alarm current 
An alarm 612603 ID 109847 level 2 occurred at 16:56:23 02-08-2026 sent by router_zte_test PFU-1/4/0 %PORT% Receiving Optical Power(dBm) threshold crossed  (Interface:sat_xgei-1/4/0/10,lane = NA). 15min low alarm forecast occur. Warn Low thres is: -16.9900, current value is: -18.7289@Satellite-1
An alarm 612603 ID 109818 level 2 occurred at 16:52:31 02-08-2026 sent by router_zte_test PFU-1/5/0 %PORT% Receiving Optical Power(dBm) threshold crossed  (Interface:sat_xgei-1/5/0/7,lane = NA). 15min low alarm occur. Low thres is: -19.0000, current value is: -26.3827@Satellite-1
An alarm 612615 ID 108432 level 5 occurred at 15:51:12 02-05-2026 sent by router_zte_test PFU-1/1/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-1/1/0/2: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-1
An alarm 612615 ID 108384 level 5 occurred at 15:43:27 02-05-2026 sent by router_zte_test PFU-1/1/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-1/1/0/3: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-1
An alarm 612615 ID 108362 level 5 occurred at 15:36:57 02-05-2026 sent by router_zte_test PFU-1/1/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-1/1/0/1: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-1
An alarm 50901 ID 108348 level 2 occurred at 15:36:26 02-05-2026 sent by router_zte_test MPU-0/4/0 %LACP% LACP interface active status.  The interface (index = 8309, name = xgei-0/1/0/19) turns into INACTIVE. (Reason:Negotiation failed or cannot meet the conditions)
An alarm 612615 ID 85382 level 5 occurred at 13:36:06 12-16-2025 sent by router_zte_test PFU-2/6/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-2/6/0/6: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-2
An alarm 612615 ID 85376 level 5 occurred at 13:36:02 12-16-2025 sent by router_zte_test PFU-2/6/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-2/6/0/7: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-2
An alarm 612615 ID 85374 level 5 occurred at 13:35:58 12-16-2025 sent by router_zte_test PFU-2/6/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-2/6/0/8: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-2
An alarm 612615 ID 85372 level 5 occurred at 13:35:54 12-16-2025 sent by router_zte_test PFU-2/6/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-2/6/0/9: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-2

ZTE ZXR routerlarda arayüz kontrolleri

network ekipmanlarında en temel kontrol arayüz kontrolleridir. zte zxr serisi routerlarda bir arayüz kontrol yapmak için “show opticalinfo” komutunu kullanabiliriz.. komutu tek başına kullanamıyoruz. test yaptığımız router üzerindeki parametreler aşagıdaki gibi.

zte_router#show opticalinfo ?
PIU- Board type
brief Show optical brief information
ptp- Ptp Gigabit eth interface
sat_xgei- Satellite node xgigabit ethernet interface
xgei- XGigabit ethernet interface

brief parametresini kulandığımızda aşagıdaki bir çıktı ile karşılaşıyoruz. bırada router üzeriindeki portların RX, TX bilgisi görülebilmektedir.

zte_router#show opticalinfo brief
Interface Type Wavelength RxPower(dBm) TxPower(dBm) Status Intensity(Rx)
xgei-0/0/0/1 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -3.7/[-14.4,0.5] -2.0/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/2 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm -40.0/[-17.0,-5.0] N/A/[-9.0,-3.0] Unknown Unknown
xgei-0/0/0/3 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -2.9/[-14.4,0.5] -2.5/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/4 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -1.4/[-14.4,0.5] -3.2/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/5 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -6.7/[-14.4,0.5] -1.7/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/6 offline
xgei-0/0/0/7 offline
xgei-0/0/0/8 offline
xgei-0/0/0/9 offline
xgei-0/0/0/10 offline
xgei-0/0/0/11 offline
xgei-0/0/0/12 offline
xgei-0/0/0/13 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -3.6/[-14.4,0.5] -2.7/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/14 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -2.4/[-14.4,0.5] -1.6/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/15 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -3.7/[-14.4,0.5] -1.3/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/16 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -3.3/[-14.4,0.5] -1.3/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/17 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -11.0/[-14.4,0.5] -2.5/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/18 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -2.2/[-14.4,0.5] -1.7/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/19 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -2.5/[-14.4,0.5] -2.1/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/20 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -1.4/[-14.4,0.5] -2.2/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal

router üzerinde eğer satellite kullanıyorsanız şu anki test ettiğimiz routerda değerlerini göremiyoruz. bunun için ilave parametre ihtiyacu bulunuyor. örnek aşagıdaki gibidir.

zte_router#show opticalinfo brief satellite 1
Interface Type Wavelength RxPower(dBm) TxPower(dBm) Status
sat_xgei-1/1/0/1 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/2 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/3 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/4 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/5 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/6 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/7 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/8 offline
sat_xgei-1/4/0/1 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/2 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/3 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/4 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/5 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/6 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/7 offline
sat_xgei-1/4/0/8 offline
sat_xgei-1/4/0/9 offline
sat_xgei-1/4/0/10 offline

tek bir arayüzü incelemek istersekopticalinfo dan sonra dorudan arayüzün tam açılımını yazıyorum… bu çıktıda RX, TX değerlerinin yapında sıcaklık , akım, gerilim, optik modül bilgisi gibi verilerede ulaşılabilmektedir.

zte_router#show opticalinfo xgei-0/0/0/1
xgei-0/0/0/1
The optical module is online
Transceiver Type         : SFP+
Connector Type Code      : LC
Transceiver Mode         : smf
Directionality           : Normal
SONET Compliance Codes   : no compliance
Ethernet Compliance Codes: 10GBase-LR
Transfer Distance:9/125(Smf) um fiber 10000 (m)
                 50/125(Om2) um fiber 0 (m)
                 50/125(Om3) um fiber 0 (m)
               62.5/125(Om1) um fiber 0 (m)
                 50/125(Om4) um fiber 0 (m)
Laser TX Wavelength: 1310 nm
Laser RX Wavelength: 1310 nm
Measured RX Input  Power: -3.8 dBm
Measured TX Output Power: -2.0 dBm
Measured TX Bias Current: 30.9 mA
Measured Transceiver Temperature: 30.7 degree(s) Celsius
Supply Voltage 1: 3.3 V
Supply Voltage 2: N/A
Receiver Sensitivity    : -14.4 dBm
Receiver Overload       : 0.5 dBm
TX Power Range          : N/A
Default RX Power PreHighAlarm Thresholds: 0.5 dBm
Default RX Power PreLowAlarm Thresholds: -14.4 dBm
Default TX Power PreHighAlarm Thresholds: 1.5 dBm
Default TX Power PreLowAlarm Thresholds: -8.2 dBm
Laser RX Intensity: Normal
Vendor Name:  WTD             
Vendor PN  :  RTXM228-401     
Vendor Rev :  1.0 
Vendor SN  :  ZTE24250014600
Authentication     : ZTE
AuthenticationCode : 0xa101
ProductSn          : 000000
ProductDate        : 2024-11-07

lldp raporunda temizlik

networkteki routerlar üzerinde lldp raporları aldığınızı düşünün.. tüm cihazlardan alınan raporlar birleştirildiğinde baslangic ve bitis router bilgileri yer değişmiş olsada bir mükerrerlik olacaktır..

elimizdeki tablo kabaca ağıdaki şekilde olacaktır…

id	baslangic_ne_ismi	baslangic_interface_ip	bitis_ne_ismi	bitis_interface_ip
1	router_a	10.10.10.1	router_c	10.10.10.2
2	router_c	10.10.10.2	router_a	10.10.10.1
3	router_b	10.10.10.3	router_d	10.10.10.4
4	router_d	10.10.10.4	router_b	10.10.10.3

sqlite de bu durumdaki linkleri tespit etmek için aşagıdaki sorguyu

SELECT a.id AS id1, b.id AS id2,
       a.baslangic_ne_ismi, a.baslangic_interface_ip,
       a.bitis_ne_ismi, a.bitis_interface_ip
FROM network_link a
JOIN network_link b
  ON a.baslangic_ne_ismi = b.bitis_ne_ismi
 AND a.baslangic_interface_ip = b.bitis_interface_ip
 AND a.bitis_ne_ismi = b.baslangic_ne_ismi
 AND a.bitis_interface_ip = b.baslangic_interface_ip
 AND a.id < b.id;

aynı olduğunu düşünülen verilerden yüksek idli olan silmek için ise aşagıdaki sorguyu kullanabilirsiniz.

DELETE FROM network_link
WHERE id IN (
    SELECT b.id
    FROM network_link a
    JOIN network_link b
      ON a.baslangic_ne_ismi = b.bitis_ne_ismi
     AND a.baslangic_interface_ip = b.bitis_interface_ip
     AND a.bitis_ne_ismi = b.baslangic_ne_ismi
     AND a.bitis_interface_ip = b.baslangic_interface_ip
     AND a.id < b.id
);

sonucta elde edeceğimiz tablo aşagıdaki şekilde olacaktır.

id	baslangic_ne_ismi	baslangic_interface_ip	bitis_ne_ismi	bitis_interface_ip
1	router_a	10.10.10.1	router_c	10.10.10.2
3	router_b	10.10.10.3	router_d	10.10.10.4

Nokia – Default Network QoS Policy DSCP to Forwarding Class Mappings

Ingress DSCP		Forwarding Class
dscp-name	dscp-value (binary – decimal)	FC ID	Name	Label	Profile State
Default		0	Best-Effort	be	Out
ef	101110 – 46	5	Expedited	ef	In
nc1	110000 – 48	6	High-1	h1	In
nc2	111000 – 56	7	Network Control	nc	In
af11	001010 – 10	2	Assured	af	In
af12	001100 – 12	2	Assured	af	Out
af13	001110 – 14	2	Assured	af	Out
af21	010010 – 18	3	Low-1	l1	In
af22	010100 – 20	3	Low-1	l1	Out
af23	010110 – 22	3	Low-1	l1	Out
af31	011010 – 26	3	Low-1	l1	In
af32	011100 – 28	3	Low-1	l1	Out
af33	011110 – 30	3	Low-1	l1	Out
af41	100010 – 34	4	High-2	h2	In
af42	100100 – 36	4	High-2	h2	Out
af43	100110 – 38	4	High-2	h2	Out

Nokia – Default Network QoS Policy Egress Marking

FC-ID	FC Name	FC Label	DiffServ Name	Egress DSCP Marking		Egress LSP EXP Marking
FC-ID	FC Name	FC Label	DiffServ Name	In-Profile Name	Out-of- Profile Name	In-Profile	Out-of- Profile
7	Network Control	nc	NC2	nc2111000 – 56	nc2111000 – 56	111 – 7	111 – 7
6	High-1	h1	NC1	nc1110000 – 48	nc1110000 – 48	110 – 6	110 – 6
5	Expedited	ef	EF	ef101110 – 46	ef101110 – 46	101 – 5	101 – 5
4	High-2	h2	AF4	af41100010 – 34	af42100100 – 36	100 – 4	100 – 4
3	Low-1	l1	AF2	af21010010 – 18	af22010100 – 20	011 – 3	010 – 2
2	Assured	af	AF1	af11001010 – 10	af12001100 – 12	011 – 3	010 – 2
1	Low-2	l2	CS1	cs1001000 – 8	cs1001000 – 8	001 – 1	001 – 1
0	Best Effort	be	BE	be000000 – 0	be000000 – 0	000 – 0	000 – 0

huawei routerlarda kart sökülmesi ve aktif olmayan konfigürasyonun silinmesi

huawei routerler üzerinden bir kartın çıkarılmadan önce yazılımsal olarak öncelikle slotun enerjisinin kapatılması önerilmektedir.

slottan kart çıkarma işlemi tamamlandıktan sonra slot üzerinde tanımlı olan ancak aktif olmayan konfigürasyonların silinmesi ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır.. bu konfigürasyon silinezse bu slota takılarak yeni bir kartta aktif olacaktır.

bu yöntemi kart değişimleri sırasında da kullanabilirsiniz. aşagıdaki 3 slot için yapılan örnek bir uygulama görülmektedir.

power off slot 3
yes
system-view
clear inactive-configuration slot 3
yes
quit

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