huawei routerların arayüzlerinde trafik ve mib değerlerini sıfırlamak

bir arayüz üzerinden hata geliyor ve yapılan müdehaleler sonrasında sorunun devam edip etmediğini görmek istiyorsak interface sayaç değerlerini sıfırlamak işleri kolaylaştıracaktır. aşagıdaki örnek arayüzde CRC errorları dikkat çekmektedir…

[~router]display interface 50|100GE 5/1/0
50|100GE5/1/0 current state : UP (ifindex: 212)
Line protocol current state : UP 
Link quality grade : GOOD
Description: interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 9212 
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 6dc4-6dc4-6dc4
Factor/Module: QSFP28, Standard: 100GBASE-LR4, FecMode: Disable
The Vendor PN is RTXM290-806
The Vendor Name is WTD
Port BW: 100G, Transceiver max BW: 100G, Transceiver Mode: SingleMode
Connector Type: LC, Transmission Distance: 10km
WaveLength: 1295.56nm 1300.05nm 1304.58nm 1309.14nm
Rx Warning range: [-10.599,  4.500]dBm, Tx Warning range: [-4.300,  4.500]dBm
Rx0 Power:  -7.40dBm, Tx0 Power:   1.57dBm
Rx1 Power:  -6.83dBm, Tx1 Power:   2.04dBm
Rx2 Power:  -6.83dBm, Tx2 Power:   1.99dBm
Rx3 Power:  -6.74dBm, Tx3 Power:   2.02dBm
Loopback: none, LAN full-duplex mode, Pause Flowcontrol: Receive Enable and Send Enable
Port Speed Switch Mode: manual
Last physical up time   : 2026-02-24 11:51:30+03:00
Last physical down time : 2026-02-24 11:49:07+03:00
Current system time: 2026-02-24 13:19:54+03:00
Statistics last cleared:2024-12-16 07:53:02+03:00
    Last 300 seconds input rate: 1477811763 bits/sec, 280550 packets/sec
    Last 300 seconds output rate: 1527603379 bits/sec, 232249 packets/sec
    Input peak rate 1477811763 bits/sec, Record time: 2026-02-24 13:19:54+03:00
    Output peak rate 1527634378 bits/sec, Record time: 2026-02-24 13:19:54+03:00
    Input: 3342830018023050 bytes, 5756490768291 packets
    Output: 6834371174146959 bytes, 8252820686074 packets
    Input:
      Unicast: 5756432761945 packets, Multicast: 58006026 packets
      Broadcast: 320 packets, JumboOctets: 405942739572 packets
      CRC: 771506832 packets, Symbol: 80511712 packets
      Overrun: 0 packets, InRangeLength: 0 packets
      LongPacket: 0 packets, Jabber: 0 packets, Alignment: 0 packets
      Fragment: 0 packets, Undersized Frame: 0 packets
      RxPause: 0 packets
    Output:
      Unicast: 8252768032451 packets, Multicast: 52653468 packets
      Broadcast: 155 packets, JumboOctets: 1274128818374 packets
      Lost: 0 packets, Overflow: 0 packets, Underrun: 0 packets
      System: 0 packets, Overruns: 0 packets
      TxPause: 0 packets
    Local fault: normal, Remote fault: normal.
    Last 300 seconds input utility rate:  1.47%
    Last 300 seconds output utility rate: 1.52%

şimdi bu verileri temizleyelim.. öncelikle konfig moddan çıkılması gerekmektedir. sonrasında reset counter komut ile ilgili arayüze ait veriler sıfırlanabilir.

[~router]quit
<router>reset counters interface 50|100GE 5/1/0
Info: This operation resets the counters in the display interface command output on this interface.
Info: Reset successfully.
<router>

şimdi kontol edelim

<router>display interface 50|100GE 5/1/0
50|100GE5/1/0 current state : UP (ifindex: 212)
Line protocol current state : UP 
Link quality grade : GOOD
Description: interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 9212 
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 6dc4-6dc4-6dc4
Factor/Module: QSFP28, Standard: 100GBASE-LR4, FecMode: Disable
The Vendor PN is RTXM290-806
The Vendor Name is WTD
Port BW: 100G, Transceiver max BW: 100G, Transceiver Mode: SingleMode
Connector Type: LC, Transmission Distance: 10km
WaveLength: 1295.56nm 1300.05nm 1304.58nm 1309.14nm
Rx Warning range: [-10.599,  4.500]dBm, Tx Warning range: [-4.300,  4.500]dBm
Rx0 Power:  -7.40dBm, Tx0 Power:   1.58dBm
Rx1 Power:  -6.83dBm, Tx1 Power:   2.05dBm
Rx2 Power:  -6.83dBm, Tx2 Power:   1.97dBm
Rx3 Power:  -6.71dBm, Tx3 Power:   2.05dBm
Loopback: none, LAN full-duplex mode, Pause Flowcontrol: Receive Enable and Send Enable
Port Speed Switch Mode: manual
Last physical up time   : 2026-02-24 11:51:30+03:00
Last physical down time : 2026-02-24 11:49:07+03:00
Current system time: 2026-02-24 13:28:10+03:00
Statistics last cleared:2026-02-24 13:28:01+03:00
    Last 300 seconds input rate: 1407061768 bits/sec, 273766 packets/sec
    Last 300 seconds output rate: 1454198771 bits/sec, 222001 packets/sec
    Input peak rate 1407061768 bits/sec, Record time: 2026-02-24 13:28:10+03:00
    Output peak rate 1454872520 bits/sec, Record time: 2026-02-24 13:28:10+03:00
    Input: 1684316592 bytes, 2702946 packets
    Output: 1743681595 bytes, 2184529 packets
    Input:
      Unicast: 2702931 packets, Multicast: 15 packets
      Broadcast: 0 packets, JumboOctets: 99374 packets
      CRC: 0 packets, Symbol: 0 packets
      Overrun: 0 packets, InRangeLength: 0 packets
      LongPacket: 0 packets, Jabber: 0 packets, Alignment: 0 packets
      Fragment: 0 packets, Undersized Frame: 0 packets
      RxPause: 0 packets
    Output:
      Unicast: 2184515 packets, Multicast: 14 packets
      Broadcast: 0 packets, JumboOctets: 212072 packets
      Lost: 0 packets, Overflow: 0 packets, Underrun: 0 packets
      System: 0 packets, Overruns: 0 packets
      TxPause: 0 packets
    Local fault: normal, Remote fault: normal.
    Last 300 seconds input utility rate:  1.40%
    Last 300 seconds output utility rate: 1.45%

zte routerlarda aktif alarmları izleme

alarmları izlemek için kullanılacak en temel komut “show router current” 

router_zte_test(config)#show alarm current 
An alarm 612603 ID 109847 level 2 occurred at 16:56:23 02-08-2026 sent by router_zte_test PFU-1/4/0 %PORT% Receiving Optical Power(dBm) threshold crossed  (Interface:sat_xgei-1/4/0/10,lane = NA). 15min low alarm forecast occur. Warn Low thres is: -16.9900, current value is: -18.7289@Satellite-1
An alarm 612603 ID 109818 level 2 occurred at 16:52:31 02-08-2026 sent by router_zte_test PFU-1/5/0 %PORT% Receiving Optical Power(dBm) threshold crossed  (Interface:sat_xgei-1/5/0/7,lane = NA). 15min low alarm occur. Low thres is: -19.0000, current value is: -26.3827@Satellite-1
An alarm 612615 ID 108432 level 5 occurred at 15:51:12 02-05-2026 sent by router_zte_test PFU-1/1/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-1/1/0/2: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-1
An alarm 612615 ID 108384 level 5 occurred at 15:43:27 02-05-2026 sent by router_zte_test PFU-1/1/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-1/1/0/3: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-1
An alarm 612615 ID 108362 level 5 occurred at 15:36:57 02-05-2026 sent by router_zte_test PFU-1/1/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-1/1/0/1: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-1
An alarm 50901 ID 108348 level 2 occurred at 15:36:26 02-05-2026 sent by router_zte_test MPU-0/4/0 %LACP% LACP interface active status.  The interface (index = 8309, name = xgei-0/1/0/19) turns into INACTIVE. (Reason:Negotiation failed or cannot meet the conditions)
An alarm 612615 ID 85382 level 5 occurred at 13:36:06 12-16-2025 sent by router_zte_test PFU-2/6/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-2/6/0/6: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-2
An alarm 612615 ID 85376 level 5 occurred at 13:36:02 12-16-2025 sent by router_zte_test PFU-2/6/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-2/6/0/7: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-2
An alarm 612615 ID 85374 level 5 occurred at 13:35:58 12-16-2025 sent by router_zte_test PFU-2/6/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-2/6/0/8: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-2
An alarm 612615 ID 85372 level 5 occurred at 13:35:54 12-16-2025 sent by router_zte_test PFU-2/6/0 %PORT% Missing Optical Module!  (sat_xgei-2/6/0/9: Optical Module is not installed)@Satellite-2

ZTE ZXR routerlarda arayüz kontrolleri

network ekipmanlarında en temel kontrol arayüz kontrolleridir. zte zxr serisi routerlarda bir arayüz kontrol yapmak için “show opticalinfo” komutunu kullanabiliriz.. komutu tek başına kullanamıyoruz. test yaptığımız router üzerindeki parametreler aşagıdaki gibi.

zte_router#show opticalinfo ?
PIU- Board type
brief Show optical brief information
ptp- Ptp Gigabit eth interface
sat_xgei- Satellite node xgigabit ethernet interface
xgei- XGigabit ethernet interface

brief parametresini kulandığımızda aşagıdaki bir çıktı ile karşılaşıyoruz. bırada router üzeriindeki portların RX, TX bilgisi görülebilmektedir.

zte_router#show opticalinfo brief
Interface Type Wavelength RxPower(dBm) TxPower(dBm) Status Intensity(Rx)
xgei-0/0/0/1 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -3.7/[-14.4,0.5] -2.0/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/2 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm -40.0/[-17.0,-5.0] N/A/[-9.0,-3.0] Unknown Unknown
xgei-0/0/0/3 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -2.9/[-14.4,0.5] -2.5/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/4 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -1.4/[-14.4,0.5] -3.2/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/5 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -6.7/[-14.4,0.5] -1.7/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/6 offline
xgei-0/0/0/7 offline
xgei-0/0/0/8 offline
xgei-0/0/0/9 offline
xgei-0/0/0/10 offline
xgei-0/0/0/11 offline
xgei-0/0/0/12 offline
xgei-0/0/0/13 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -3.6/[-14.4,0.5] -2.7/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/14 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -2.4/[-14.4,0.5] -1.6/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/15 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -3.7/[-14.4,0.5] -1.3/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/16 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -3.3/[-14.4,0.5] -1.3/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/17 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -11.0/[-14.4,0.5] -2.5/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/18 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -2.2/[-14.4,0.5] -1.7/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/19 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -2.5/[-14.4,0.5] -2.1/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal
xgei-0/0/0/20 10G-10km-SFP+ 1310nm -1.4/[-14.4,0.5] -2.2/[-8.2,1.5] Normal Normal

router üzerinde eğer satellite kullanıyorsanız şu anki test ettiğimiz routerda değerlerini göremiyoruz. bunun için ilave parametre ihtiyacu bulunuyor. örnek aşagıdaki gibidir.

zte_router#show opticalinfo brief satellite 1
Interface Type Wavelength RxPower(dBm) TxPower(dBm) Status
sat_xgei-1/1/0/1 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/2 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/3 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/4 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/5 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/6 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/7 offline
sat_xgei-1/1/0/8 offline
sat_xgei-1/4/0/1 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/2 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/3 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/4 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/5 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/6 1G-10km-SFP 1310nm N/A/[-23.0,-2.5] N/A/[-11.0,-2.0] Unknown
sat_xgei-1/4/0/7 offline
sat_xgei-1/4/0/8 offline
sat_xgei-1/4/0/9 offline
sat_xgei-1/4/0/10 offline

tek bir arayüzü incelemek istersekopticalinfo dan sonra dorudan arayüzün tam açılımını yazıyorum… bu çıktıda RX, TX değerlerinin yapında sıcaklık , akım, gerilim, optik modül bilgisi gibi verilerede ulaşılabilmektedir.

zte_router#show opticalinfo xgei-0/0/0/1
xgei-0/0/0/1
The optical module is online
Transceiver Type         : SFP+
Connector Type Code      : LC
Transceiver Mode         : smf
Directionality           : Normal
SONET Compliance Codes   : no compliance
Ethernet Compliance Codes: 10GBase-LR
Transfer Distance:9/125(Smf) um fiber 10000 (m)
                 50/125(Om2) um fiber 0 (m)
                 50/125(Om3) um fiber 0 (m)
               62.5/125(Om1) um fiber 0 (m)
                 50/125(Om4) um fiber 0 (m)
Laser TX Wavelength: 1310 nm
Laser RX Wavelength: 1310 nm
Measured RX Input  Power: -3.8 dBm
Measured TX Output Power: -2.0 dBm
Measured TX Bias Current: 30.9 mA
Measured Transceiver Temperature: 30.7 degree(s) Celsius
Supply Voltage 1: 3.3 V
Supply Voltage 2: N/A
Receiver Sensitivity    : -14.4 dBm
Receiver Overload       : 0.5 dBm
TX Power Range          : N/A
Default RX Power PreHighAlarm Thresholds: 0.5 dBm
Default RX Power PreLowAlarm Thresholds: -14.4 dBm
Default TX Power PreHighAlarm Thresholds: 1.5 dBm
Default TX Power PreLowAlarm Thresholds: -8.2 dBm
Laser RX Intensity: Normal
Vendor Name:  WTD             
Vendor PN  :  RTXM228-401     
Vendor Rev :  1.0 
Vendor SN  :  ZTE24250014600
Authentication     : ZTE
AuthenticationCode : 0xa101
ProductSn          : 000000
ProductDate        : 2024-11-07

lldp raporunda temizlik

networkteki routerlar üzerinde lldp raporları aldığınızı düşünün.. tüm cihazlardan alınan raporlar birleştirildiğinde baslangic ve bitis router bilgileri yer değişmiş olsada bir mükerrerlik olacaktır..

elimizdeki tablo kabaca ağıdaki şekilde olacaktır…

idbaslangic_ne_ismibaslangic_interface_ipbitis_ne_ismibitis_interface_ip
1router_a10.10.10.1router_c10.10.10.2
2router_c10.10.10.2router_a10.10.10.1
3router_b10.10.10.3router_d10.10.10.4
4router_d10.10.10.4router_b10.10.10.3

sqlite de bu durumdaki linkleri tespit etmek için aşagıdaki sorguyu

SELECT a.id AS id1, b.id AS id2,
       a.baslangic_ne_ismi, a.baslangic_interface_ip,
       a.bitis_ne_ismi, a.bitis_interface_ip
FROM network_link a
JOIN network_link b
  ON a.baslangic_ne_ismi = b.bitis_ne_ismi
 AND a.baslangic_interface_ip = b.bitis_interface_ip
 AND a.bitis_ne_ismi = b.baslangic_ne_ismi
 AND a.bitis_interface_ip = b.baslangic_interface_ip
 AND a.id < b.id;

aynı olduğunu düşünülen verilerden yüksek idli olan silmek için ise aşagıdaki sorguyu kullanabilirsiniz.

DELETE FROM network_link
WHERE id IN (
    SELECT b.id
    FROM network_link a
    JOIN network_link b
      ON a.baslangic_ne_ismi = b.bitis_ne_ismi
     AND a.baslangic_interface_ip = b.bitis_interface_ip
     AND a.bitis_ne_ismi = b.baslangic_ne_ismi
     AND a.bitis_interface_ip = b.baslangic_interface_ip
     AND a.id < b.id
);

sonucta elde edeceğimiz tablo aşagıdaki şekilde olacaktır.

idbaslangic_ne_ismibaslangic_interface_ipbitis_ne_ismibitis_interface_ip
1router_a10.10.10.1router_c10.10.10.2
3router_b10.10.10.3router_d10.10.10.4

Nokia – Default Network QoS Policy DSCP to Forwarding Class Mappings  

Ingress DSCPForwarding Class
dscp-namedscp-value (binary – decimal)FC IDNameLabelProfile State
Default0Best-EffortbeOut
ef101110 – 465ExpeditedefIn
nc1110000 – 486High-1h1In
nc2111000 – 567Network ControlncIn
af11001010 – 102AssuredafIn
af12001100 – 122AssuredafOut
af13001110 – 142AssuredafOut
af21010010 – 183Low-1l1In
af22010100 – 203Low-1l1Out
af23010110 – 223Low-1l1Out
af31011010 – 263Low-1l1In
af32011100 – 283Low-1l1Out
af33011110 – 303Low-1l1Out
af41100010 – 344High-2h2In
af42100100 – 364High-2h2Out
af43100110 – 384High-2h2Out

Nokia – Default Network QoS Policy Egress Marking

FC-IDFC NameFC LabelDiffServ NameEgress DSCP MarkingEgress LSP EXP Marking
In-Profile NameOut-of- Profile NameIn-ProfileOut-of- Profile
7Network ControlncNC2nc2111000 – 56nc2111000 – 56111 – 7111 – 7
6High-1h1NC1nc1110000 – 48nc1110000 – 48110 – 6110 – 6
5ExpeditedefEFef101110 – 46ef101110 – 46101 – 5101 – 5
4High-2h2AF4af41100010 – 34af42100100 – 36100 – 4100 – 4
3Low-1l1AF2af21010010 – 18af22010100 – 20011 – 3010 – 2
2AssuredafAF1af11001010 – 10af12001100 – 12011 – 3010 – 2
1Low-2l2CS1cs1001000 – 8cs1001000 – 8001 – 1001 – 1
0Best EffortbeBEbe000000 – 0be000000 – 0000 – 0000 – 0

huawei routerlarda kart sökülmesi ve aktif olmayan konfigürasyonun silinmesi

huawei routerler üzerinden bir kartın çıkarılmadan önce yazılımsal olarak öncelikle slotun enerjisinin kapatılması önerilmektedir.

slottan kart çıkarma işlemi tamamlandıktan sonra slot üzerinde tanımlı olan ancak aktif olmayan konfigürasyonların silinmesi ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır.. bu konfigürasyon silinezse bu slota takılarak yeni bir kartta aktif olacaktır.

bu yöntemi kart değişimleri sırasında da kullanabilirsiniz. aşagıdaki 3 slot için yapılan örnek bir uygulama görülmektedir.

power off slot 3
yes
system-view
clear inactive-configuration slot 3
yes
quit

nokia routerlarda isis instance çıktısı

nokia sros routerlarda fazla sayıfa isis instance var ve isia all parametresi ile çıktıyı incelemek isterseniz cli da gereksiz satırlardan kurtulmak isterseniz aşagıdaki yöntemle ihtiyaç duymayacağınız satırlardan kurtulabilirsiniz.

show router isis all interface | match expression "---|===|Interfaces :|anycast|State|Type|No Mat" invert-match

show router isis all interface ile alacağımız çıktı aşagıdaki şekildeysen

===============================================================================
Rtr Base ISIS Instance 0 Interfaces 
===============================================================================
Interface                        Level CircID  Oper      L1/L2 Metric     Type
                                               State                      
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
system                           L2    1       Up        -/0              p2p
router-B                         L2    106     Up        -/90             p2p
router-C                         L2    172     Up        -/100            p2p
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interfaces : 3
===============================================================================

expression ve invert-match kullanarak elde edeceğimiz çıktı aşagıdaki şekilde olacaktır.

Rtr Base ISIS Instance 0 Interfaces 
system                           L2    1       Up        -/0              p2p
router-B                         L2    106     Up        -/90             p2p
router-C                         L2    172     Up        -/100            p2p

ngrok – statik ip ye sahip olmayan natlanmış kullanıcılar için

snap destekli bir linux dağıtım kullanıyorsanız

 snap install ngrok

ile kurulumu yapalım. üyelik gerektiren

https://dashboard.ngrok.com/get-started/setup

adresine girerek tunel oluşumu için kullanılacak authtoken bilgisini ögrenelim ve 

ngrok config add-authtoken <token>

ile bağlantıyı gerçekleştirelim. sonrasında bilgisayarımızdaki protokol ve portu tunelliyelim.

ngrok http 80

ekran çıktısında Forwarding satırında dış dünyadan bilgisayarımıza erişebileceğiniz bir ngrok.io adresi yer alacaktır.

Forwarding                    https://xxxx-xx-xxx-xx-xx.eu.ngrok.io -> http://localhost:80

bundan sonra olası tüm riskler tabiki sizeaittir 🙂

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